For engineering degrees, Mathematics is the essential A-Level, Physics is expected almost everywhere, and Chemistry is the strongest third choice — chemical and biomedical routes often require it. Requirements then vary by discipline and university: mechanical, aerospace, electrical, civil and software engineering weight the trio differently, and the most selective courses, Cambridge among them, set their own specific demands. Choosing “interesting” subjects over Maths and Physics is the choice that closes engineering doors.
The average A-Level result in England in 2024/25 was a B-, or 36.09 points per entry. — DfE, A-Level and other 16 to 18 results, 2024/25
Engineering is an exciting but challenging field. With various areas of specialization, choosing the right A-Level subjects can seem overwhelming. The truth is, some A-Levels are much more complex than others and require different types of skills. This guide will focus on the A-Levels required for engineering, helping you get started on the right track for your university application.
As you read, keep in mind that you don't have to tackle this on your own.
Ucademy’s online tutoring UK can help you boost your grades in any hardest A-Levels subjects you find challenging, easing your pathway to engineering university requirements.
Which A-Levels do you need for engineering?
When preparing to pursue an engineering degree, selecting the right A-Level subjects is crucial. Most reputable universities require candidates to have excellent grades in at least two compulsory A-Level subjects, in addition to a third subject of the student's choice. Typically, universities look for high academic achievement, often expecting AAA grades or similar to demonstrate readiness for the challenges of an engineering course.
The choice of A-Levels affects not only entry eligibility but also foundational knowledge crucial for succeeding in various branches of engineering. Understanding which subjects are essential helps learners focus their efforts on courses that provide the skills and concepts engineering demands.
What is mathematics?
Mathematics is fundamental to engineering, encompassing everything from simple numerical calculations to complex problem-solving techniques. It provides the analytical framework necessary for understanding core engineering concepts such as algebraic manipulation, calculus-based modeling, and quantitative reasoning. For civil, mechanical, electrical, and software engineering, maths serves as the backbone for designing and analyzing systems.
Moreover, nearly all leading engineering universities insist on A-Level Mathematics as a prerequisite. This is because the logical and numerical skills developed through math studies are indispensable for tackling technical problems. Pursuing engineering without A-Level Maths is exceptionally rare and generally inadvisable, as the subject equips students with essential analytical capabilities that underpin engineering coursework.
What is physics?
Physics complements mathematics by explaining the underlying scientific principles governing the natural world, which engineers apply to design and innovate. It deals with forces, energy, motion, and electricity, topics central to many engineering disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, and electrical engineering. A solid grasp of physics enables students to understand how machines work, how energy is transformed, and how materials behave under various conditions.
While some universities may offer flexibility for students who do not take physics, having A-Level Physics significantly strengthens applications. It not only supports practical understanding but also equips students with the experimental and theoretical skills necessary for engineering problems involving mechanics, thermodynamics, and electronics, thereby enhancing their academic preparedness.
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is particularly relevant to engineering fields focused on materials and chemical processes, such as Chemical and Materials Engineering. It introduces students to the molecular structure and properties of materials, enabling them to innovate and improve substances used in manufacturing, energy, and pharmaceuticals. Knowledge of chemical reactions, bonding, and composition is crucial for developing new materials and understanding their durability, corrosion resistance, and reactivity.
Choosing Chemistry at A-Level benefits students targeting specialized engineering branches where material science plays a central role. It enhances the ability to comprehend how different substances interact and transform, providing an essential scientific perspective that broadens the technical skill set needed in advanced engineering studies.
For those aiming to study engineering, A-Level Mathematics is indispensable due to its universal application in all engineering disciplines. Physics serves as a critical complementary subject, especially for engineering fields related to mechanics and energy. Chemistry is essential for specialized sectors like Chemical and Materials Engineering, offering in-depth insight into the substances engineers work with.
Platforms like Ucademy can further support students by providing targeted learning resources and practice tailored to these crucial subjects. Selecting these subjects with strong academic performance enhances university readiness and future success in engineering.
What else is worth reading?
Which A-Levels does each engineering career need?
When preparing for a career in engineering, selecting the right A-Level subjects is crucial for building a strong foundation. Different engineering disciplines have core subjects that universities require for entry, along with complementary subjects that enhance understanding and skills. Below, we examine the most crucial A-Levels for the top engineering fields, based on university curricula and requirements.
What is mechanical engineering?
Mechanical engineering focuses on the design, analysis, and manufacturing of machines and mechanical systems. Core university subjects include thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, strength of materials, and machine design, supplemented by advanced topics such as robotics and mechatronics.
To pursue a career in mechanical engineering, Mathematics and Physics are mandatory A-Level subjects. These subjects develop problem-solving skills and a solid grasp of physical principles. Complementary A-Levels, such as Further Mathematics, Chemistry, and Design & Technology, provide a deeper insight into complex calculations, chemical properties, and practical design processes relevant to this field.
What is software engineering?
Software engineering revolves around computing foundations, programming, and system design. Key university modules cover web technologies, object-oriented programming, systems analysis, and creative computing, with additional topics like machine learning and cybersecurity.
Mathematics is compulsory at A-Level, alongside Computer Science, which is highly preferred as a complementary subject. Further Mathematics further strengthens analytical skills and algorithmic thinking, essential for mastering software development and computational theory.
What is chemical engineering?
Chemical engineering blends applied maths and science with process design and thermodynamics. Essential university subjects include reaction engineering, fluid mechanics, biochemical engineering, and principles of applied science.
Mandatory A-Levels include Mathematics, Chemistry, and Physics, providing comprehensive knowledge of chemical reactions, material properties, and physical laws. Complementary subjects like Further Mathematics, Computer Science, Biology, and English enhance problem-solving, programming capabilities, and communication skills vital for technical reporting.
What is civil engineering?
Civil engineering covers structural design, hydraulics, geotechnics, and sustainable development. University courses focus on soil mechanics, architectural engineering, transportation, and renewable energy systems.
Candidates must take Mathematics and Physics at A-Level. Additional subjects, such as Further Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, and Statistics, supplement the understanding of environmental processes and computational methods, helping students handle diverse civil projects.
What is biomedical engineering?
Biomedical engineering combines medical science with engineering principles, focusing on anatomy, medical imaging, and signal processing. University subjects include mechanics, programming, human physiology, and machine learning.
Mandatory A-Levels are Mathematics and Physics, which are critical for grasping concepts in biomechanics and electronics. Subjects such as Design & Technology, Biology, Chemistry, Further Mathematics, and General Science are also valuable for understanding biological systems and developing medical technologies.
What is aerospace engineering?
Aerospace engineering involves aerodynamics, propulsion, avionics, and aircraft design. University modules include aerospace thermodynamics, structural mechanics, and electrical energy systems.
Mathematics and Physics are compulsory A-Levels, laying the groundwork for fluid dynamics and mechanical design. Further Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, and Science offer additional support for specialized topics, such as materials science and control systems.
What is electrical engineering?
Electrical engineering focuses on circuits, electromagnetism, energy conversion, and programming. University content includes cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and control systems.
Physics is mandatory at A-Level, complemented by Chemistry, Computer Science, Mathematics, and Science. These subjects provide a balanced skill set, combining practical electrical principles with advanced computing knowledge, which is essential for modern electrical engineering challenges.
What A-Level grades do universities require for engineering?
Selecting the right A-Level subjects is crucial for prospective engineering students. Mathematics and Physics are fundamental, serving as the academic backbone and a prerequisite for nearly all engineering degree programmes. The third A-Level subject should strategically reflect your intended engineering branch and satisfy the entry criteria of your target universities.
Every aspiring engineer should prioritise Mathematics and Physics. These subjects provide the essential analytical and problem-solving foundation necessary in engineering disciplines. Their universal requirement underscores their importance in building both conceptual understanding and practical skills.
The third subject acts as a specialization enhancer. For example, Chemistry complements chemical or materials engineering, while Business might benefit those leaning towards industrial or management engineering. Checking your chosen university’s specific preferences ensures alignment with their curriculum and admissions standards.
What Are University-Specific A-Level Requirements?
What does University offer?
What does Cambridge University offer?
Required Subjects
Mathematics and Physics
Grade Expectations
A* A* A
Additional Criteria
Chemistry is often chosen as the third; it also requires the ESAT admission test
What does the University of Oxford offer?
Required Subjects
Maths (or Further Maths) and Physics
Grade Expectations
A* A* A+
Additional Criteria
Physics Aptitude Test (PAT); a strong science GCSE background is expected
What does Imperial College London offer?
Required Subjects
Maths and Physics
Grade Expectations
A* A* A or A* A A
Additional Criteria
Chemistry or Business as third; preference for first-time passers
What does the University of Manchester offer?
Required Subjects
Maths and Physics
Grade Expectations
A* A* A
Additional Criteria
Further Maths may substitute for Physics; English GCSE grade C+ needed
What does University College London offer?
Required Subjects
Flexible: A-Levels or equivalents
Grade Expectations
Minimum 100 UCAS points
Additional Criteria
Accepts IB, Access to HE, BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma, and others
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What are the honest limits of any grade or percentage figure?
Grade boundaries are set for each exam series, for each board and tier, after marking is complete. Every percentage and boundary described here is a historical example, not a promise: a 2025 boundary tells you about 2025. For the series you are actually sitting, check JCQ and your own board.
Officially, this is what a pass is worth — the government lists it as a Level 2 qualification:
“GCSE — grades 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 or grades A*, A, B, C.” — gov.uk, What qualification levels mean
Where do these figures come from?
Grade boundaries and pass rates are set and published by the exam regulator and the boards themselves, and they change every exam series. Check the current figures at source:
- UCAS — calculate your Tariff points
- gov.uk — Qualification results in England — the headline A-Level figures for the current series
- Discover Uni — official course data: entry requirements, satisfaction and graduate earnings